Editorial Assessment
All submissions undergo an initial assessment for scope, completeness, ethical suitability, and basic scientific quality. Manuscripts may be declined without external review when they are unsuitable or do not meet minimum requirements.
Peer Review
Manuscripts considered suitable for further evaluation are assigned to qualified reviewers according to subject matter, article type, and reviewer availability. The journal will publicly state its selected peer-review model and apply it consistently.
Appeals
Authors may submit a reasoned appeal when they believe an editorial decision resulted from a significant factual or procedural error. Appeals should address specific issues and will be reviewed according to the journal’s appeal process.
Complaints
Complaints about editorial conduct, publication procedures, or policy implementation should be submitted to the designated editorial or publisher contact. Complaints will be handled confidentially and without retaliation.
Corrections
Published content may be corrected when an error affects the accuracy, clarity, or integrity of the scholarly record. Corrections should be linked to the original article and described transparently.
Retractions
Retraction may be considered when findings are unreliable, serious ethical violations are confirmed, or other circumstances substantially compromise the integrity of the publication.
Expressions of Concern
An expression of concern may be issued when a significant issue is under investigation but the available evidence is not yet sufficient for a final correction or retraction decision.
Conflicts of Interest
Authors, editors, and reviewers should disclose relevant financial, professional, personal, or institutional interests that could influence the work or its evaluation.
Data and Materials
Authors should provide data availability statements and, where feasible and ethically appropriate, access to supporting data, code, protocols, and materials.
Advertising and Sponsorship
Any advertising or sponsorship arrangements must be clearly separated from editorial decision-making and must not influence scientific acceptance decisions.